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Food Deficiency

 

Vitamin A Deficiency

Vitamin A has been focused on not only because of the spectacular blindness that it can cause, but because it is essential to the body's maintenance of many functions, especially the immune system which protects against infection. It has been said that many children in developing countries would have been saved from dying from different infections, particularly measles, if they had had adequate and available vitamin A in their diet.

 

Iron Deficiency

Iron is a fundamental mineral for the making of haemoglobin (a substance carrying oxygen in to the tissues of the body) in the red blood cells. It usually results from having a diet low in easily absorbable iron, which is often aggravated by increased iron demands due to pregnancy, child and pubertal growth spurts and losses through menstruation or intestinal worms.
If this deficiency is not treated, it eventually leads to low haemoglobin, a condition known as anaemia, which may result in symptoms and signs ranging from weakness, tiredness, and reduced learning ability to increased risk of infection, and even death during childbirth. We can avoid iron deficiency by eating a healthy balanced diet.


Iron helps the body in many important processes. For example it helps us make haemoglobin, the red pigment in our blood that allows it to carry oxygen around the body.
If iron levels are low, the amount of haemoglobin in our red blood cells as well as the number of red blood cells is reduced. This is called anaemia.

All the tissues and cells in the body depend on oxygen to function properly; if they receive less oxygen, they won't work so well.

Red meat is the richest source of iron. The iron in animal sources is absorbed easily by the body.

There is also iron in pulses, dried fruit, green leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds, and in fortified breakfast cereals and breads. The iron in these foods is not so easily absorbed by the body.

Vitamin C helps us to absorb iron. So, for example, by having a glass of orange juice with a meal, or having vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, green peppers or potatoes (all a good source of vitamin C) we can increase the amount of iron our bodies get from our food.


Substances in tea can stop the body absorbing iron properly, which is why young children should not be given tea as a drink, particularly with their meals.



How much iron should I be eating each day?

On average adult men need about 7mg of iron a day. For women the figure is about 11mg.


How much iron do certain foods contain?

The chart below should give you some idea:

Food Serving size Iron supplied
2 thick slices of lean roast beef 90g 2.3mg
3 tablespoons of baked beans 120g 1.7mg
A boiled egg 50g 1mg
Wholemeal bread (1 average slice) 36g 1mg
Canned in oil sardines (average sandwich filling) 50g 1.5mg
An average bowl of fortified breakfast cereal 45g 3mg
4 dried figs 80g 3.4mg
Dark roast turkey meat (average serving) 120g 1.7mg
A tablespoonful of sesame seeds 12g 1.2mg
Spring greens boiled 90g 1.3mg
A portion of lamb's liver, fried 100g 10mg
An average glass of red wine 125g 1.1mg

 

Iodine Deficiency


Another serious deficiency is that of iodine. Iodine is a chemical element which is used by the thyroid gland to produce hormones that regulate the bodily metabolism. The consequences of this deficiency include goitre (an unsightly swelling of the thyroid gland in front of the neck), reduced mental function, increased risk of still births, abortions and infant deaths. Iodine-deficient women may give birth to babies with severe mental and neurological impairment. If this deficiency occurs during infancy or childhood, it causes irreversible mental retardation, growth failure, speech and hearing defects, among others. Even mild deficiency may cause a low intellectual capacity.

 

Food quality is a term which may refer to several things:

(A) the extent to which food contains the nutrients that match in kind and quantity to the nutritional needs of the person consuming the food
(B) the extent to which food is attractive in appearance and taste
(C) the extent to which food is free from pathogenic bacteria and undesirable materials such as insecticides, antibiotic residues, etc.

 

 

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