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Vitamin A has been focused on not only because of the spectacular blindness that it can cause, but because it is essential to the body's maintenance of many functions, especially the immune system which protects against infection. It has been said that many children in developing countries would have been saved from dying from different infections, particularly measles, if they had had adequate and available vitamin A in their diet.
Iron is a fundamental mineral for the making of haemoglobin (a substance
carrying oxygen in to the tissues of the body) in the red blood cells. It
usually results from having a diet low in easily absorbable iron, which is
often aggravated by increased iron demands due to pregnancy, child and pubertal
growth spurts and losses through menstruation or intestinal worms.
If this deficiency is not treated, it eventually leads to low haemoglobin,
a condition known as anaemia, which may result in symptoms and signs ranging
from weakness, tiredness, and reduced learning ability to increased risk of
infection, and even death during childbirth. We can avoid iron deficiency
by eating a healthy balanced diet.
Iron helps the body in many important processes. For example it helps us make
haemoglobin, the red pigment in our blood that allows it to carry oxygen around
the body.
If iron levels are low, the amount of haemoglobin in our red blood cells as
well as the number of red blood cells is reduced. This is called anaemia.
All the tissues and cells in the body depend on oxygen to function properly; if they receive less oxygen, they won't work so well.
Red meat is the richest source of iron. The iron in animal sources is absorbed easily by the body.
There is also iron in pulses, dried fruit, green leafy vegetables, nuts and
seeds, and in fortified breakfast cereals and breads. The iron in these foods
is not so easily absorbed by the body.
Vitamin C helps us to absorb iron. So, for example, by having a glass of orange juice with a meal, or having vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, green peppers or potatoes (all a good source of vitamin C) we can increase the amount of iron our bodies get from our food.
Substances in tea can stop the body absorbing iron properly, which is why
young children should not be given tea as a drink, particularly with their
meals.
How much iron should I be eating each day?
On average adult men need about 7mg of iron a day. For women the figure is
about 11mg.
How much iron do certain foods contain?
The chart below should give you some idea:
| Food | Serving size | Iron supplied |
| 2 thick slices of lean roast beef | 90g | 2.3mg |
| 3 tablespoons of baked beans | 120g | 1.7mg |
| A boiled egg | 50g | 1mg |
| Wholemeal bread (1 average slice) | 36g | 1mg |
| Canned in oil sardines (average sandwich filling) | 50g | 1.5mg |
| An average bowl of fortified breakfast cereal | 45g | 3mg |
| 4 dried figs | 80g | 3.4mg |
| Dark roast turkey meat (average serving) | 120g | 1.7mg |
| A tablespoonful of sesame seeds | 12g | 1.2mg |
| Spring greens boiled | 90g | 1.3mg |
| A portion of lamb's liver, fried | 100g | 10mg |
| An average glass of red wine | 125g | 1.1mg |
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