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Herb and drug interactions: 'Natural' products not always safe

 

You may think herbal supplements are safe because they're labeled "natural." But many herbal supplements contain active ingredients that can harm you if taken with certain prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.

In addition, some medical situations increase your risk of adverse effects if you take herbal products. Talk to your doctor before taking any herbal products if you're pregnant or breast-feeding or if you have:

It's a good idea to talk to your doctor about any herbal supplements you take, no matter what type of medication you're using or the condition for which you're being treated.

Here are 14 herbs and the prescription and OTC drugs you shouldn't take with them:

Capsicum
Avoid taking with:

Capsicum may increase the absorption and the effect of these drugs. It may also increase the likelihood of developing a cough if used with ACE inhibitors.

Coenzyme Q-10
Avoid taking with:

The use of warfarin and coenzyme Q-10 together increases your risk of excessive bleeding. Coenzyme Q-10 may reduce the effectiveness of some chemotherapy. Some drugs, such as those used to lower cholesterol (lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin), blood sugar (glyburide, tolazamide) and blood pressure (beta blockers such as Inderal, Lopressor), can alter coenzyme Q-10's effectiveness. Also, people with diabetes should be aware that coenzyme Q-10 may decrease their need for insulin.

Dong quai
Avoid taking with:

The combination of dong quai and warfarin may increase your risk of bleeding. Using St. John's wort or certain antibiotics with dong quai may increase your skin's sensitivity to the sun.

Echinacea
Avoid taking with:

Echinacea shouldn't be combined with other drugs that can cause liver damage. And because this herb may stimulate the immune system, it may interfere with the effects of immunosuppressants.

Echinacea may also elevate the levels of HIV protease inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and anti-anxiety drugs in the blood, increasing your risk of side effects.

Ephedra
Avoid taking with:

Ephedra by itself has been shown to increase your risk of heart attack, stroke, seizures or death. Combined with the above drugs, it becomes even more risky. Ephedra is a potent herb that's present in many products, especially those designed to give you pep or help you lose weight. It goes by many names, such as ma-huang, herbal ecstasy, mahuang, mahuanggen and ma huang root. Any "natural" product that claims to cause weight loss or increase energy may have ephedra in it. Carefully review the product's contents with your doctor or pharmacist before assuming it doesn't.

Feverfew
Avoid taking with:

These medications can reduce blood clot formation. Feverfew may increase this effect, causing spontaneous and excessive bleeding.

Garlic
Avoid taking with:

Combined with garlic, anticoagulant medications may cause spontaneous and excessive bleeding. Garlic may decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressants and HIV protease inhibitors.

Garlic may cause lower levels of blood sugar, which may decrease your need for insulin if you have diabetes. If you take insulin and garlic together, monitor your blood sugar carefully and report any changes to your doctor.

Ginger
Avoid taking with:

Ginger may increase the effect of anticoagulants, which may cause excessive bleeding. It may also increase the production of stomach acid, which could counteract the effects of antacid medications.

Ginger may lower your blood pressure or blood sugar levels, which may reduce your need for blood-pressure-lowering medications or insulin if you have diabetes. Monitor your blood pressure or blood sugar levels if you take these medications and report any changes to your doctor.

Ginkgo
Avoid taking with:

Ginkgo may increase the anticoagulant effect of these drugs and has the potential to cause spontaneous and excessive bleeding when used in conjunction with these medications. It can also increase the amount of antidepressant medication in your blood. When combined with antipsychotic medications, ginkgo may cause seizures. Ginkgo also affects insulin levels, so if you're taking the two together, monitor your glucose levels carefully.

Ginseng
Avoid taking with:

Used with warfarin, ginseng can increase your risk of bleeding problems. Ginseng with phenelzine may cause headache, trembling and manic behavior. Ginseng may interfere with digoxin's pharmacologic action or the ability to monitor digoxin's activity.

Ginseng can reduce blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes (formerly called adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes). Without careful glucose monitoring, the use of ginseng with insulin or oral antidiabetic medications may cause dangerously low blood sugar levels.

Ipriflavone
Avoid taking with:

Ipriflavone affects the way these drugs are metabolized, usually increasing the levels of the medications in the blood and the effects of the drugs.

Kava
Avoid taking with:

Combined with these drugs, kava can produce deep sedation and, in some cases, even coma. In late 2001, following reports from Europe of liver problems in several people who used kava, the Food and Drug Administration started investigating the safety of this herb. Until more is known, don't start taking kava or products that contain kava. If you already do so, contact your doctor for advice and ask if you need liver function tests to check for unexpected liver problems. Don't take kava if you have a history of liver problems, if you're depressed, or if you take antidepressants or prescription sedatives.

Melatonin
Avoid taking with:

Melatonin may reduce nifedipine's ability to lower blood pressure, which could lead to an increased heart rate and blood pressure level if these drugs are taken together. Fluvoxamine slows the metabolism of melatonin, which may result in excessive sleepiness.

St. John's wort
Avoid taking with any prescription medications. In particular, avoid taking St. John's wort and:

St. John's wort has been shown to affect your body's metabolism of all of these drugs. Many other drugs are likely to be affected, too. Until more is known about St. John's wort's ability to alter the metabolism of pharmaceutical medications, it's probably best not to combine such medications with St. John's wort.

Also, the combination of St. John's wort with some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, may cause an excess of serotonin (serotonin syndrome). Typical symptoms include headache, stomach upset and restlessness.

St. John's wort may reduce the effectiveness of some oral contraceptives. Use another form of birth control while taking St. John's wort.

 

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